When selecting or designing a rubber hollow spring:
While modern engineering relies on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for precise rubber components, empirical formulas remain useful for initial selection. The stiffness of a rubber spring is not a constant material property but a function of geometry. gummi-hohlfedern
Common processes:
This "bottoming out" effect is controlled and predictable, acting as an intrinsic overload protector. When selecting or designing a rubber hollow spring: