Wasm GC is a proposal currently being implemented in major browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari). It extends WebAssembly to allow code to use the browser's built-in garbage collector directly, rather than implementing a custom GC inside WebAssembly linear memory.

Minecraft: Java Edition is written in Java. Historically, this ran in browsers via Java Applets. Modern browsers no longer support these plugins. To run the game natively in a browser, developers must convert Java bytecode into a format the browser can execute efficiently.

A "paper" on this subject would focus on the migration path: