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Molds like Rhizopus and Penicillium grow on bread, fruits, and vegetables, ruining their market value. Foodborne Pathogens
Microorganisms act as preservatives through two main mechanisms: role of microorganisms in food industry pdf
For every helpful microbe, there are pathogenic ones that the food industry must fight. Spoilage microorganisms (e.g., Pseudomonas , Clostridium , Bacillus ) cause off-flavors, slime, and rot. Pathogens like Salmonella , Listeria monocytogenes , and E. coli O157:H7 can cause deadly outbreaks. Molds like Rhizopus and Penicillium grow on bread,
Beyond production, certain live microorganisms are added to foods for their health benefits. These (mainly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium ) improve gut health, boost immunity, and even aid mental well-being. The global probiotic market—found in functional yogurts, kefir, kombucha, and fermented milks—is now a multi-billion dollar industry. Bacillus ) cause off-flavors