The falls are segmented into two main cascades: the upper and the lower "Rock Garden" rapids. The geological substrate is primarily Precambrian charnockite rock, resistant to erosion, which creates the stepped plunge pool effect.
Athirappally Waterfalls is not merely a scenic landmark but a hydrological engine for the Chalakudy basin. While tourism provides economic relief, the pursuit of industrial hydroelectricity threatens the very visual and ecological integrity that defines the falls. A balanced, conservation-first approach is required to maintain its status as "Niagara of India" for future generations. athirapally waterfalls