Active Transport [verified]

A defective CFTR chloride channel (an ABC transporter, a form of primary active transport) leads to thick mucus in lungs and pancreas.

Active transport is regulated by various mechanisms, including: active transport

| Feature | Passive Transport | Active Transport | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | None (kinetic energy) | ATP, light, or redox energy | | Direction | Down gradient (high → low) | Against gradient (low → high) | | Carrier proteins | Channel proteins or uniporters | Pumps, symporters, antiporters | | Equilibrium | Reaches equilibrium | Maintains steady-state disequilibrium | | Example | O₂ diffusion, water osmosis | Na⁺/K⁺ pump, glucose uptake in intestines | A defective CFTR chloride channel (an ABC transporter,

There are several types of active transport mechanisms, including: water osmosis | Na⁺/K⁺ pump