Astronomical summer is determined by the tilt of the Earth's axis and its orbit around the sun. This definition is slightly less rigid regarding specific dates, as it shifts slightly year to year (usually by a day or two).
Meteorologists and climatologists use this system because it aligns with the annual temperature cycle and makes record-keeping simpler. Under this definition: which are the summer months
Summer is fleeting. To ensure you don't let the season pass you by, try checking off a few of these "Summer Essentials": Astronomical summer is determined by the tilt of
: December 1 to February 28 (or February 29 during a leap year). Astronomical Summer Months Under this definition: Summer is fleeting
| Hemisphere | Summer Months | | :--- | :--- | | (USA, Europe, India, China) | June, July, August | | Southern (Australia, Brazil, South Africa) | December, January, February |